Energy Conservation: A Conceptual Framework Of Energy Awareness Developement Process

ENERGY CONSERVATION: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF ENERGY AWARENESS
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

Chong Weng Wai

Abdul Hakim Mohammed

Buang Alias

ABSTRACT

Energy is wasted each day due to lack of awareness among societies. Past research suggest that there are two main energy conservation methods - technology fixed and behavioural approach. Technology fixed is based on instruments such as motion sensor control lighting and photovoltaic. Behavioural approach requires changes in human attitudes by using motivation, raising awareness and skill developing. This paper intends to explore the roles of behavioural approach in promoting energy conservation through raising energy awareness. Two related theories- Information Processing Theory and Three Term Contingency were reviewed. The information processing theory explains how people perceives information from their environment, operates on it, integrate it with information available in the memory, and used the product as the basis for deciding how to perform. The three-term contingency theory was invented to experimentally analyze human and animal behaviour, by dividing the behaviour into three key parts which constitute - stimulus, operand response and reinforced/punishment. A conceptual framework of energy awareness development process was proposed based on these two theories. The conceptual framework consists of nine phases- energy awareness stimulus, transference methods, interpretation, comprehension, awareness, reinforcement, short term motivation, obedience and long term motivation. Energy awareness stimulus explains that employees can be stimulated to support an energy management program. Transference methods are techniques or tools that could effectively transfer the stimulus to the receiver. The stages of interpretation, comprehension and awareness is receiver dominant, meaning that these phases is beyond the control of the building or facility manager. Reinforcement phase is required to strengthens the association between a response and preceding stimuli. Short term motivation is whatever activities that make people to act voluntarily in a certain way and then to persist in facing of difficulty. The employee is expected to be in the phase of obedience that shows the early success of the energy awareness development process. The long term motivation such as public recognition, personal pride and energy award should be introduced to the receivers so they can continuously practice energy conservation. Finally the paper explains that validations are required to determine the effectiveness of the conceptual framework and to identify desired improvement.

CRES STAFF 2008

CRES STAFF

DIRECTOR:

Prof. Sr. Dr. Miswan @ Abdul Hakim bin Mohamed

MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF REAL ESTATE CHIEF EDITOR:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abd Hamid bin Mar Iman

MAGAZINE CHIEF EDITOR:

Major Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Ariffian bin Bujang

RESEARCH COMMITTEE:

Prof. Sr. Dr. Miswan @ Abdul Hakim bin Mohamed

INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR CO-CHAIRMAN:

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Buang bin Alias

Dr. Asiah binti Othman

RESEARCHER:

Prof. Rosdi Bin Ab. Rahman
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hj Ismail Bin Hj Omar
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hishamuddin Bin Mohd Ali
Assoc. Prof. Dzurllkanian @ Zulkarnain Bin Daud
Assoc. Prof. Maizan Bin Baba
Dr. Hajah Asiah Binti Othman
Dr. Norhaya Kamarudin
Dr. Suriatini Binti Ismail
Dr. Khadijah Binti Hussin
Dr. Megat Mohd Ghazali B Megat Abd. Rahman
Dr. Mohammad Tahir Sabit Haji Mohammad
Ibrahim @ Atan Bin Sipan
Hasmah Binti Abu Zarin
Mohd Nadzri Jaafar
Rosadah Binti Mahamud
Mohd Zahib Bin Hj Deraman,
Shahabudin Bin Abdullah
Maimunah Bt Sapri
Mustafa Bin Omar
Kamaruzaman Abd. Rasid
Kapten Hj Wan Ibrisam Fikry Bin Hj Wan Ismail
Razani Bin Ab Rahim
Shafiah Mohd. Shariff
Adibah Binti Awang
Janice Lee Yim Mei
Mohd Nadzri Md. Reba
Lee Chyi Lin
Kamalahasan A/L Achu
Mat Naim Bin Abdullah @ Mohd Asmoni
Noorsidi Aizuddin Bin Mat Noor
Choong Weng Wai
Robiah Bte Hj. Suratman
Salfarina Binti Samsudin
Abd. Halim Bin Hamzah
Maslinda Bt. Abd. Latiff
Ainur Zaireen Binti Zainudin

CRES ACTION PLAN 2008

RESEARCH ACTION PLAN 2008


Research Direction

To establish research direction in Real Estate and Land Administration & Development.

Research Focus

To establish focus areas based on research priority areas and national interests, to finalize identified research topics, to identify industrial research partner and to prepare research proposal.

Research Groups

To form research groups based on focus areas, to prepare brochures on research focus areas and expertise, to upload brochures / information on FKSG’s web and to promote CRES existence to relevant parties.

Research Lab

To establish Asset & Facilities Management Lab, Land Information Management Lab and iCAMA -GIS Lab.

Research Collaboration

To conduct meeting and discussion with agencies such as Jabatan Penilaian dan Pengurusan Harta (JPPH), Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR), State and Local Governments, Advance Maintenance and Precision Management (AMPM), Iskandar Region Development Area (IRDA), Pejabat Tanah Dan Galian (PTG), Foreign & Local Universities, FELDA, MAIN and JAWAZH.

Research Funding

The strategies used to increase funding are through organizing workshop to fill up and submit application forms and establishing collaboration with funding institutions such as government, Industry / Agencies and International. As for government sector, parties which involved are MOSTI, NAPREC, MOHE, JKR and State and Local Governments. For agency sector are AMPM, FELDA, CIDB and for international are RICS, World Bank and IDB.

A Facilities Management Outsourcing Contract Framework

A FACILITIES MANAGEMENT OUTSOURCING CONTRACT FRAMEWORK

Maizan Bin Baba, M.Sc

Abdul Hakim Bin Mohammed, Ph.D.

Buang Alias, Ph.D.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to review a framework of facilities management outsourcing contract, focusing on the processes of the operational stage. Several outsourcing success characteristics need to be addressed prior to the implementation of outsourcing. The outsourcing success characteristics can be grouped into four main factors: communication strategy; performance and operating standards;compatible culture and structure;and control and monitoring. A fluid communication between users and providers is important to establish a clear understanding of the role to be play by each party. Performance and operating standards are essential to ensure that the service provided are assessed and maintained respectively. It is important for the client and the provider to mutually understand the culture of each other's organisation to enable smooth-flowing collaboration and communication in the undertaking of the outsourcing project. The client and the service provider's organisational structures play an influence role in the outsourcing relationship. Reporting, monitoring and control mechanisms are required to assess provider's performance. The framework of facilities management outsourcing contract framework is divided into five operational aspects namely: service start-up;implementation;ongoing service development process;review; and project close. The description of service to be outsourced should be outlined in a comprehensive and clear manner during the service start-up. Implementing the outsourcing project requires various undertakings and a client-provider communication is important throughout the implementation of the outsourcing project. Under the on-going service development process, the client and provider should monitor performance of the outsourcing contract including anticipating changes as an approach to adapt to market changes and transformations of trends. It is imperative that the reviews on the success of the outsourcing project to be undertaken. Finally, proper mechanisms should be built into the outsourcing agreement for termination of service of the service provider.